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Tuesday, February 1, 2011

Digital Modulation and Modems (Blake C12)


        TRUE/FALSE

  1.   Little data communication is carried over voice-grade telephone lines.

ANS:   F

  2.   The word "keying" is still used to denote digital modulation schemes.

ANS:   T

  3.   ASK is rarely used for data communications.

ANS:   T

  4.   Information capacity is proportional to bandwidth.

ANS:   T

  5.   Information capacity is independent of noise.

ANS:   F

  6.   "Baud rate" is the same as bits per second.

ANS:   F

  7.   A "mark" is a binary one.

ANS:   T

  8.   "Space" is another term for bandwidth.

ANS:   F

  9.   FSK is slow, but "robust".

ANS:   T

10.   FSK makes efficient use of available bandwidth.

ANS:   F

11.   FSK is used extensively in high-frequency radioteletype transmission.

ANS:   T

12.   PSK is typically faster than FSK.

ANS:   T

13.   "Dibit" is another term for PSK.

ANS:   F

14.   PSK is typically DPSK.

ANS:   T

15.   QPSK is typically DQPSK.

ANS:   T

16.   Digital amplitude modulation is called QAM.

ANS:   F

17.   QAM uses PSK.

ANS:   T

18.   A "constellation diagram" shows the "symbols" used in QAM.

ANS:   T

19.   CCITT is now ITU-T.

ANS:   T

20.   Equalization compensates for phase and frequency distortions in a channel.

ANS:   T

21.   Signal complexity compensates for low S/N during transmission.

ANS:   F

22.   Receiver equalization requires a "training sequence" be sent at startup.

ANS:   T

23.   54 kbps is about the maximum speed you can get from a telephone line modem.

ANS:   T

24.   High-speed modems cannot do data compression.

ANS:   F

25.   High-speed modems cannot do error correction.

ANS:   F

26.   MNP4 is an error-correction protocol.

ANS:   T

27.   V.42 is a data-compression scheme.

ANS:   F

28.   A computer is a DTE.

ANS:   T

29.   A MODEM is a DCE.

ANS:   T

30.   EIA-232D is the same as RS-232C.

ANS:   T

31.   RS-232 describes a parallel port protocol.

ANS:   F

32.   The response to RTS is DSR.

ANS:   F

33.   RTS and CTS provide a "handshake" between a DTE and a DCE.

ANS:   T

34.   +10 volts on an RS-232 control line is a HIGH or TRUE level.

ANS:   T

35.   +12 volts on an RS-232 signal line is a binary ONE.

ANS:   F

36.   A line is active when it is "asserted".

ANS:   T

37.   "Smart" MODEMS are initialized with a string of "AT" commands.

ANS:   T

38.   Twisted-pair telephone wire is not capable of more than about 4 kHz of bandwidth.

ANS:   F

39.   DSL carries high-speed data over twisted-pair telephone wire.

ANS:   T

40.   CATV cables only carry signals one way: from the head-end to the subscriber.

ANS:   F

41.   Fiber-optic CATV cables carry analog signals.

ANS:   T

42.   Typically, a NIC is required to interface a PC to a cable modem.

ANS:   T

43.   A cable modem is always on.

ANS:   T

44.   A DSL connection is always on.

ANS:   T

45.   A cable modem shares the channel with other users.

ANS:   T

46.   A DSL connection shares the loop with other subscribers.

ANS:   F

47.   ADSL Lite is faster than standard ADSL.

ANS:   F

48.   ADSL Lite requires a splitter at the subscriber end.

ANS:   F

49.   In practice, both ADSL Lite and a cable modem have comparable data rates.

ANS:   T

        MULTIPLE CHOICE

  1.   FSK stands for:
a.
Full-Shift Keying
c.
Full-Signal Keying
b.
Frequency-Shift Keying
d.
none of the above


ANS:   B

  2.   PSK stands for:
a.
Pulse-Signal Keying
c.
Phase-Signal Keying
b.
Pulse-Shift Keying
d.
Phase-Shift Keying


ANS:   D

  3.   QAM stands for:
a.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
c.
Quadrature Amplitude Marking
b.
Quadrature Amplitude Masking
d.
none of the above


ANS:   A

  4.   In the equation I = ktB, I is measured in:
a.
amperes
c.
bits
b.
amperes per second
d.
bits per second


ANS:   C

  5.   In the equation C = 2Blog2M, M is the:
a.
margin of noise
c.
number of possible states per symbol
b.
modulation index
d.
maximum number of symbols per second


ANS:   C

  6.   An "eye pattern" shows a good channel when:
a.
the eye is maximally open
c.
the eye is half open
b.
the eye is maximally closed
d.
the eye alternately opens and closes


ANS:   A

  7.   What you see in an eye pattern is the effect of:
a.
too many bits high
c.
intermodulation distortion
b.
too many bits low
d.
intersymbol interference


ANS:   D

  8.   High-frequency radioteletype systems commonly use:
a.
FSK
c.
PSK
b.
AFSK
d.
QAM


ANS:   A

  9.   Instead of a single bit, a QPSK symbol contains:
a.
a byte
c.
a dibit
b.
4 bits
d.
a Q-bit


ANS:   C

10.   To reduce the need for linearity, p/4 DQPSK uses:
a.
angles of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees
c.
angles of p/4, 2p/4, 3p/4, and 4p/4
b.
angles of 45, 135, 225, and 315 degrees
d.
double phase-shift angles


ANS:   B

11.   For QAM, a "constellation diagram" shows:
a.
location of symbols in "symbol space"
c.
effects of noise on symbols
b.
separation of symbols in "symbol space"
d.
all of the above


ANS:   D

12.   For QAM, the two dimensions of its symbol space are:
a.
amplitude and frequency
c.
frequency and phase angle
b.
amplitude and phase angle
d.
I-bits and Q-bits


ANS:   B

13.   The specs of the old Bell type 103 modem were:
a.
300 bps, full-duplex, FSK
c.
1200 bps, full-duplex, FSK
b.
600 bps, full-duplex, FSK
d.
1200 bps, half-duplex, FSK


ANS:   A

14.   ITU is an abbreviation for:
a.
International Telephony Unit
c.
International Telecommunications Union
b.
International Telephony Union
d.
International Telecommunications Units


ANS:   C

15.   The ITU is under the auspices of:
a.
CCITT
c.
IEEE
b.
the U.N.
d.
ANSI


ANS:   B

16.   High-speed modems equalize the line to compensate for:
a.
noise and interference
b.
uneven phase and frequency response
c.
low SNR
d.
inconsistent bit rates at either end of channel


ANS:   B

17.   The bits sent to allow equalization are called:
a.
Gaussian bits
c.
a training sequence
b.
random bits
d.
a random sequence


ANS:   C

18.   The V.90 standard is issued by:
a.
the EIA
c.
the ITU
b.
the TIA
d.
the ISO


ANS:   C

19.   MNP2, MNP3, MNP4, and MNP10 are all:
a.
data-compression schemes
c.
both a and b
b.
error-correction protocols
d.
none of the above


ANS:   B

20.   MNP5 and V.42 bis are both:
a.
data-compression schemes
c.
both a and b
b.
error-correction protocols
d.
none of the above


ANS:   A

21.   In RS-232, flow control is done using:
a.
RTS/CTS handshake
c.
both a and b
b.
XON/XOFF characters
d.
none of the above


ANS:   C

22.   The official name for RS-232C is:
a.
RS-232C
c.
ISO-232C/D
b.
EIA-232D
d.
ANSI-232C


ANS:   B

23.   In RS-232, a modem would be:
a.
a DTR
c.
a DCE
b.
a DSR
d.
a DTE


ANS:   C

24.   In RS-232, a personal computer would be:
a.
a DTR
c.
a DCE
b.
a DSR
d.
a DTE


ANS:   D

25.   On a DB-9 RS-232 connector, signal ground is pin:
a.
1
c.
5
b.
3
d.
7


ANS:   C

26.   On a DB-25 RS-232 connector, signal ground is pin:
a.
1
c.
5
b.
3
d.
7


ANS:   D

27.   The minimum lines required for RS-232 are:
a.
TD and RD
c.
TD, RD, DSR, and signal ground
b.
TD, RD, and signal ground
d.
TD, RD, RTS, CTS, and signal ground


ANS:   B

28.   Hardware flow control uses:
a.
XON and XOFF
c.
RTS and CTS
b.
TD and RD
d.
DSR and DCD


ANS:   C

29.   Software flow control uses:
a.
XON and XOFF
c.
RTS and CTS
b.
TD and RD
d.
DSR and DCD


ANS:   A

30.   Which voltage represents a binary zero on an RS-232 data pin:
a.
+15 volts
c.
+9 volts
b.
+12 volts
d.
all of the above


ANS:   D

31.   DSL stands for:
a.
Data Signal Line
c.
Digital Subscriber Line
b.
Digital Signal Line
d.
Double-Speed Loop


ANS:   C

32.   ADSL stands for:
a.
Asynchronous DSL
c.
Analog DSL
b.
Asymmetrical DSL
d.
All DSL


ANS:   B

33.   In a CATV system, HFC stands for:
a.
Head Frequency Control
c.
Hybrid Fiber-Coax
b.
Hybrid Frequency Control
d.
Hybrid Fiber Control


ANS:   C

34.   In a CATV system, CMTS stands for:
a.
Cable Modem Terminal Server
c.
Cable Modem Terminal System
b.
Cable Modem Transmission System
d.
Cable Modem Transmission Server


ANS:   A

35.   A "splitter" at the subscriber end is not required for:
a.
Any DSL scheme
c.
ADSL Lite
b.
ADSL
d.
none of the above


ANS:   C

        COMPLETION

  1.   RTS means Request To ____________________.

ANS:   Send                        

  2.   The response to RTS is ____________________.

ANS:   CTS                         

  3.   FSK stands for Frequency-Shift ____________________.

ANS:   Keying                     

  4.   DSR stands for ____________________ Set Ready.

ANS:   Data                         

  5.   QAM stands for ____________________ Amplitude Modulation.

ANS:   Quadrature               

  6.   The number of symbols per second is called the ____________________ rate.

ANS:   baud                        

  7.   The 2 bits of information in a QPSK symbol is called a ____________________.

ANS:   dibit                         

  8.   QPSK uses ____________________ different phase angles.

ANS:   four                         

  9.   DPSK stands for ____________________ PSK.

ANS:   Delta                        

10.   The QAM amplitude-phase combinations are shown with a ____________________ diagram.

ANS:   constellation            

11.   ITU stands for International _________________________ Union.

ANS:   Telecommunications

12.   In QAM modems, ____________________ coding adds extra bits to improve performance on a noisy line.

ANS:   Trellis                      

13.   ____________________ is used in a high-speed modem to compensate for uneven frequency and phase response on a line.

ANS:   Equalization             

14.   The maximum allowed speed for a modem on a dial-up line is about ____________________ bps.

ANS:   54k                          

15.   The nominal maximum speed on an RS-232 cable is ____________________ bps.

ANS:   20k                          

16.   In RS-232, the ____________________ line is asserted when the analog carrier from another modem is being received.

ANS:  
CD
DCD
RLSD

17.   Between hardware flow control and software flow control, ____________________ flow control is preferred.

ANS:   hardware                  

18.   A voltage higher than ____________________ volts should be considered a high on an RS-232 receiver.

ANS:   3                              

19.   A ____________________ modem cable is used to connect two DTEs via their serial ports.

ANS:   null                          

20.   ADSL stands for ____________________ DSL.

ANS:   Asymmetrical          

21.   A typical CATV system is organized as a ____________________ network.

ANS:   tree                          

22.   In a CATV system using cable modems, a ____________________ is used to put several channels of data onto a fiber-optic backbone.

ANS:   CMTS                      

23.   ____________________ is the process of synchronizing transmitted data from cable modems to a CMTS.

ANS:   Ranging                   

24.   ____________________ systems send high-speed data over a POTS line while sharing the line with dial-up service.

ANS:   ADSL                      

25.   The ____________________ version of ADSL does not require a splitter at the subscriber end.

ANS:   lite                           

26.   ____________________ modulation divides the line bandwidth into many narrow bands called tones or bins for ADSL.

ANS:   DMT                        

27.   A DSLAM is a DSL Access ____________________.

ANS:   Multiplexer        

SHORT ANSWER

  1.   Calculate the bits per second capacity of a system sending 1000 symbols per second with 16 possible states per symbol.

ANS:  
4000

  2.   How many points will be on the constellation diagram of a QAM system using 8 phase angles and 2 amplitude levels?

ANS:  
16

  3.   A CATV system has 100 cable-modem customers sharing a single channel with a data rate of 36 Mbps. If half the modems are active at any given time, what bit rate can a customer expect?

ANS:  
720 kbps

  4.   A DMT system uses 4.3-kHz bins on a 1-MHz cable. Approximately how many bins are there?

ANS:  
230

  5.   Assuming a maximum symbol rate of 400 per second, how many possible states must a symbol have to achieve a data rate of 1200 bps?

ANS:  
8

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