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Showing posts with label Notes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Notes. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 18, 2011

GEAS 1

Employee's perception on the probability that he or she gets what he/she expects
Expectancy Theory

The type of leadership appropriate when manning professionals
free rein leadership

"A satisified employee is motivated from within and a dissatisified employee is not motivated"
Herzberg's Two-factor theory

The kind of authority usually given to budgets officers in the organization
functional authority

The type of organization for small firms
functional organization

The process that focuses on how subunits can use allocated resources
intermediate planning

The type of reward that includes money, promotion..
extrinsic reward

types of rewards
extrinsic or intrinsic

The type of power in the people of higher position towards those in the lower position in the organizational heirarchy
legitimate power

Measure the ability to learn
aptitude test

The type of control when the engineer manager collects data on a completed task, and evaluation,comments, and suggestions on how to improve the task
feedback control

Temperature unchanged, The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume
boyle's law

The rankine value that refers to the absolute temperature
460 degrees Fahrenheit ( alam ko negative to.. please check sa notes )

The average kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature

according to the modern view of the atomic model
electron cloud..

the quantum number that refers to the spin of the electron
spin quantum number

permeability is slightly greater than 1
aluminum

Used in DNA making?
zinc

Used to make galvanized iron
zinc

most common metal mixed with copper
zinc

the first law of thermodynamics is also called
law of conservation of energy

states that the amount of heat that is converted into heat is dependent on the temperature where it takes place
second law of thermodynamics

the process in which a highly energetic particle transfers energy to an adjacent less energetic particle
conduction

emission of electromagnetic waves or photons
radiation

a device that transfers heat between fluids without mixing the two
heat exchanger

Ideal Gas Constant
8.314 kJ per kmol-K

Series of changes or processes in the system that repeats
CYCLE

At standard temperature and pressure, the volume of 1 mol is
SAME FOR ALL PERFECT GASSES.

Reluctance of an object to change its state of rest or its uniform motion
INERTIA

1 slug
14.6 kg.

1 lb
4.45 Newtons

The law of reaction - "For every force that acts on one body, there is a second force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction that acts upon another body."
Third law of Motion

The law of acceleration - " Whenever a net resultant force acts on a body, it produces an acceleration in the direction of the resultant force that is directly proportional to the resultant foce and inversely propoportional to the mass of the body."
Second law of Motion

The law of inertia - "There is no change in the motion of the body unless an unbalanced external force is acting upon it."
First law of Motion

pH
Positive Hydrogen ion

pH 1 to 6
Acid

Mass of electrons in grams
9.107 times 10 to the -28

Mass of protons in grams
1.672 times 10 to the -24

Mass of neutron in grams
1.675 times 10 to the -24

Charge of electron negative
1.602 times 10 to the -19

charge of proton
1.602 times 10 to the -19

Charge of neutron
0

The mass of the neutron is approximately 1,839 times greater than electrons
1839

The mass of the proton is approximately 1,836 times greater than electrons
1836

Top 3 conductor
Silver, Copper, Gold

least conductor
nichrome

atoms
building blocks of engineering materials

Aluminum
most abundant metal in earth

Ductility
ratio of ultimate shear to yielding stress

period the
time taken by a body in uniform motion to travel an orbit

760 torr equal to
1 ATM

Charle's Law
Constant Pressure, Variable Temperature and Volume

Twice amplitude
twice maximum velocity

R.A. 8792
Philippine Electronic Commerce Act or E-Commerce Act

each orbital has 1 electron placed in it before pairing of electron in orbitals occurs
Hunds' Rule

angular speed (momentum)
Spin Quantum #

resistance(internal friction) of fluids to flow
viscosity

S.I. unit of pressure Newton per square meter
Pascal

losses due to friction in oscillation
damped oscillator

cohesive attraction that causes liquid to minimize its surface area
surface tension

Maximum stress before permanent deformation
elastic limit

also known as modulus of rigidity
shear modulus

thermodynamic properties
volume, pressure, temperature

defined as mass per unit volume. Independent of size and shape
density

another term for specific gravity
weight density

ability of metal to be permanently deformed
ductility

elastic modulus applicable to liquids
bulk modulus

Combine two small elements
fussion

Larger element divided into 2 smaller elements…
Fission

object subjected to equal and opposite forces on different lines of direction is said to be under
shear stress

unit of mechanical shear
joule

conduction band
where free electrons move

gives off a yellow green appearance
Chlorine

Gives off blue-black-violet color
Iodine

young's modulus is also known as
modulus of elasticity

stress at which a material begins to plastically deform
yield strength

irregularity within a crystal structure
Dislocation

most common defect of crystal
Line defect

What is the S I unit of momentum kg. meter per sec.
Kg-m / s

What is the S I unit of impulse Newton - sec.
N-s

total momentum of a closed system is constant
Conservation of linear momentum

number of cycles as a result of time
period

A common copper alloy
Zinc

a solution that is a liquid conductor
electrolyte

determines the acidity or base
PH measurement

what is PH 7
neutral

delegation of authority
assigning of different degrees of authority

Vander Waals bonding
Connection between crystal atoms / forms eight pairs of electrons when bonded

Covalent bonding
aggregate less when near each other than when separated from one another

metallic bonding
interaction of ionic lattice and electron gas

electrostatic
bonding bonding between positive and negative charges

atomic number
element identity

spin quantum
direction

Element
a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means to a simpler substance.

Valence Electrons
determines the ability of atoms to combine with other atoms.

Nitrogen Group
V - A

Electronics Engineer appearnce fee per hour
500

Electronics engineer retainer's fee
1500

maximum allowable exposure to radiation from an electronic equipment must not exceed to, 
100 ms

keystone of professional conduct
integrity

Requiring the services of a duly licenced ECE… planning, designing…
Department Order No. 88

law provides for the regulation of radio station, communications in the Phils.
R.A. 3846

policy to improve the provision of Local Exchange carrier service
E.O 109

Foundation of Moral philosophy
Justice, Honesty and Courtesy

Philippines is under what region in terms of frequency allocation
Region 3

Data network operated by enfranchised telecommunications carrier that is authorized to provide data.
Public Switched Data Network

An ECE board member must be a citizen & resident of the Philippine for at least, BLANK, consecutive years prior to his appointmnt
5 Years

Testing and quality control of electronics product
Manufacturing

If the engineer approves that a certain electronic product were according to engineering standard..( something like this )
Acceptance

Implementing rules and regulations ( IRR ) of R.A 9292
August 31, 2007

Electronic Commerce Act of 2000
R.A. 8792

VOIP service provider performance bond
5 million

The certificate of Authority issued by NTC to A CATV maximum term.
15 years

Maximum effective radiated power in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu for Channels 7 - 13
1000 Kw

Metro Manila Commercial load in radio stations
15 minutes

Minimum carrier power output of a Standard AM Broadcast … direct supervision of an Electronics engineer is required
1 Kw

Maximum power allocation for AM broadcast in Metro Manila
50 kW

at what temperature does a magnetic material loses its ferromagnetic properties
Curie Temperature

Specific Gravity also termed as
Relative Density

Moment of Inertia is dependent on
Mass, Axis of rotation, Size and Shape

diatonic scale with added 5 half tones
Chromatic Scale

binds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom
exchange force

depend on the number of harmonics present…
Quality of Sound

Avogadros Number 6.022 x 10 to the ___ power
23rd

controlled testing of the properties of a substance or system through carefully recorded measurements
 Experiment

father of scientific method
Galileo

number of S.I. base units
7

Father of Modern Chemistry
Antoine Lavoissier

means indivisible
Atomos

Pressure held constald, Volume of gas is inversely proportional to volume
Charles Law

Naming Chemical Compounds
Chemical Nomenclature

Best Conductor of Electricity
Silver

Denser metal settles on less dense
Floatation

the closeness of two sets of measured group of values
Precision

bending of a strip of metal
Elastisity of Flexion

twisting of spring
Elasticity of Torsion

Acid and base balanced
Neutralization

lacking of mass over something…
Mass defect

where fission is controlled
Nuclear Reactor

operating at low temperature
Cryogenics

what property of plastic changes with heat distortion
Mechanical

increasing in the small diameter tube with fluid
Capillarity

Relating 2 different volume / density
Relative Humidity

Speech density… “volume”
Absolute Humidity

Density of material with respect to density of air
Specific humidity

Same/Like materials
Cohesion

Different/Unlike materials
Adhesion

Necessary nuclear reactor (uranium)
Critical Size

Radioactivity
Curie

Flow of fluid in pipe; “pressure”
Bernoulli principle

“atomic mass”
Physicists atomic weight

High production, something will limit
Law of diminishing return

Mix different quantities of some element
Law of multiple proportion

Indistinguishable liquid and gas
Critical Point

Constant angular momentum, increasing kinetic energy
Kepler’s Law

Light actually passes through
Real image

Light seemed to pass through
Virtual image

Capital mobile dealer
P 100,000

“Defect of lens”, “Rays near the edge”
Spherical Aberration

“comet-shaped”
coma

“Differences in vertical and horizontal distance”
Astigmatism

Unit of electrostatic charge
Statvolt

SI unit of potential difference
volt

Electrostatic measuring device?
Leaf electroscope

Class B FM
500 ft.

Primary FM stations allowed of how many translators
2

Acids formed from weak bases dissolved in H2O
Hydrolysis

Matter can be broken down
Democritus

Property of gas equals individual property
Gibb’s Theorem

Neutron
Chadwick

Summary observed fact
Scientific Law

Partial volume
Azamat's Theorem

Liquid not used as solvent in a chromatography
Water

Not an ionization Bond
C6H12O6

1 molecule enters an orbit, spread, about atom spin
Hund’s rule of multiplicity

AM primetime
6:00 AM – 8:00 PM

Change of temp w/o change of phase
Sensible Heat

“oil or mining” / nauubos na resources
Depletion Cost

Penetrate;molecules
Diffusion

Quantitative measurement
Stoichiometry

Shield for x-ray
Lead

(ratio of something to air to e)
Absolute Index of Refraction

Incident angle is greater than critical angle
Total Reflection

Temperature, konting pressure na lang solid to liquid na
Critical Temperature

Removal of Energy
Water to ice

Separation of liquid through because of difference in its boiling points
Distillation

1 dyne on separation of 1 cm
1 stat coloumb

Non performance that results in the injured party receiving something substantially less than or different from what the contract is intended.
Material Breach

1 Joule
10 raise to 7 ergs 10^7 

ability to be mixed with other
Miscibility

Used as solute in stainless steel ( to prevent "kalawang" hehehe )
Chromium

Used a slovent in stainless steel
Iron

Perfect absorber
Black Body

ratio of velocities before and after an impact
coefficient of restitution

Temperature where degree C = degree Fahrenheit
- 40degrees

Used in Vehicle Baterries
Sulfuric Acid

Medium… travels fast at zero degrees ( 0 deg C)
Glass

Something about Bouyancy of material to water
Archimedes Theory

heat exceeds saturation at less pressure
Superheated

second most abundant element on earth
oxygen

energy gap of GaAs
1.43 V

Wednesday, October 5, 2011

GEAS

GEAS
 Mechanical energy of pressure transferred into energy of heat
Ans. enthalpy

 For a common microscope the image formed by the eyepiece is
Ans. inverted

 Added to nucleus of an atom without changing its chemical properties
Ans. alpha particle

 Ester of glycerol with unsaturated fatty acids
Ans. oils

 Energy of an electron is assumed to be zero when
Ans. it is far away from the nucleus

 Chief ore of zinc
Ans. Sphalerite

 Punitive damage
Ans. Exemplary damage

 Functional depreciation
Ans. obsolescence

 Maritime communication law
Ans. R.A. 3396

 Brightness of light source
Ans. luminous intensity

 Heated metal(hot bodies)
Ans. Edison effect

 Producer gas is a mixture of nitrogen
Ans. carbon monoxide

 1BTU
Ans. 1054 Joules

 Paramagnetic
Ans. Chromium

 How an element is connected to other
Ans. Structural formula

 Arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Ans. affects the reactivity of molecules

 False statement
Ans. convex mirror can be used as main objective in a reflecting telescope

 Average decay time
Ans. mean life

 Weightless environment, attach a ball to a spring and spin, the acceleration vector of the ball is
Ans. always point inward towards you

 Change a sample of solid to liquid
Ans. heat of fusion

 Failure to regain its original size and shape
Ans. elastic lag

 Reciprocal of bulk modulus
Ans. compressibility

 Period driving force
Ans. resonance

 Willingness of an atom to receive electrons
Ans. electron affinity

 Temperature below the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure
Ans. subcooled liquid

 Venturimeter measures ___ of water
Ans. velocity

 Temperature where Joule Thomson effect is zero
Ans. inversion

 Unit of moment of inertia
Ans. kg-m2

 Copper alloy used as collectors for electric generator
Ans. Tin bronze

 Solution of weak acid and its conjugate base, or weak base and its conjugate acid
Ans. buffer

 System remains infinitesimally closed to an equilibrium at all times
Ans. quasi-equilibrium

 Hydrocarbon contain one or more double bonds
Ans. alkene

 Process of making hydrocarbon gas
Ans. Bosch

 Factor of safety
Ans. yielding stress over working stress

 Propagate same speed as light
Ans. heat wave

 Ratio of market price per share to earnings per share
Ans. price-earnings ratio

 Degrees F equals degrees C
Ans. -40

 Unit of ionization radiation
Ans. Becquerel

 Water is electrolyzed
Ans. hydrogen and oxygen atoms are separated from each other.

 Black light
Ans. UV radiation

 Retentivity
Ans. permanent magnet

 Mass of atomic particles
Ans. mass spectrograph

 3G bond
Ans. 300M

 Refrigerant
Ans. Dimethyl ether

 Amount of energy to fracture a given volume of material
Ans. Impact strength

 Theory of light emitted in discrete amount
Ans. Quantum theory

 Cast iron hard and wear resistance
Ans. white iron

 Heat engine can’t transfer heat
An. 2nd law of thermodynamics

 Reflected sound waves return
Ans. echo

 Irregular succession of compression and rarefaction
Ans. unpitched sound

 Luminance of clear sky
Ans. 3200

 Blackbody radiation emitted at freezing platinum
Ans. candle

 Result of atmospheric refraction
Ans. mirage

 Absorbs radiant energy and re emits it in wavelengths
Ans. fluorescence

 Design to detect radiation emanating from radioactive source
Ans. Quartz-fiber electroscope

 Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
Ans. vegetable protein

 Kwashiorkor
Ans. lack of protein

 Downer
Ans. seconal

 Decay of a neutron to a proton
Ans. beta particle

 Known concentration
Ans. standard solution

 A pressure measuring device to register the pressure at all times
Ans. mercury manometer

 Work done is zero.
Ans. isometric

 Drink salt water
Ans. cell shrink

 Speaker
Ans. 5 CU

 Doctoral
Ans. 45 CU

 Gas is produce by the action of sunlight on automobile exhaust
Ans. ozone

 Middle management level
Ans. intermediate planning

 Process identifying and choosing alternative courses of action in a manner appropriate to the demands of the situation
Ans. decision-making

 Documents that shows proof of legal ownership of a financial security
Ans. Coupon

 Color that bends the least
Ans. red

 Series of closets connected by slots or short conduit sleeves between floors or open shaft of the building
Ans. riser shaft

 Upon dissociation in water, acid yields hydrogen ions while gases yields hydroxide ions
Ans. Arrhenius theory

 Friendliest metal
Ans. Iron

Tuesday, October 4, 2011

GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

GENERAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Carnot engine when reversed becomes
Refrigerator

Highest average translational kinetic energy account to which state of matter
Gas

Aluminum is the lightest among the following metals except
Magnesium

Alpha particle test charge
+2

Strength and machinability
Normalizing

Middle C
256Hz

Radioactive source activity
Becquerel

The frequency of Middle C
256Hz

Which of the following noble gases is most abundant on earth?
Argon

Given mass 1=mass 2=132 lb, distance=1 meter, calculate gravitational force.
2.4 x 10^-7 N

Which of the following is the difference between ground state and excited state of an atom?
Electron configuration

Helmholtz free energy is the internal energy of the system ____
Minus the product of entropy and temperature

The escape velocity on earth is 11,200 m/s. What is the escape velocity to the moon?
2,400

The material known as austenite is transformed into bainite when subjected to ___ process.
Rapid cooling

Newly SROP provided that devices ___ output power
Shall not exceed 25 watts

What is the value of resistivity of aluminum in ohm-m?
2.7 x 10^-8

As stated under D.O.88 for AM broadcasting station, operation sation must be under the supervision of registered ECE if the carrier power exceeds ___
1kW

What is the unit charge of alpha particle?
+2

Sound interference is required in order to attain the phenomenon known as
Beats

Aside from platinum, gold, and silver, which is considered as a noble metal?
Iridium

What is the velocity of a 100g ball on a 5cm string moving in horizontal circle that requires centripetal force of 1.0N?
2.2m/s

What is the coefficient unit of viscosity?
Poise

What is the main characteristic of super__ whose major application are jet engines and gas turbines?
Heat resistant

Which ferromagnetic is BCC crystal structure?
Iron

What is the force of gravitational attraction between two 132-lb student who are standing 1m apart?
2.4 x 10^-7 N

Which of the following would be different in ground state and excited state upon atom?
The electron configuration

Another aspect of pressure and human body is blood pressure. 20/20 vision is ideal…120/80, what is the unit?
mmHg

What is the amount of time of activity may delayed without changing the succeeding activity?
Slack

One Dalton is equivalent to how many MeV?
931

In alloy nickel is replaced by ___ to produce superinvar alloy.
Cobalt

Chart compare planned schedule information to actual.
Tracking Gantt Chart

PRC Modernization Act
8981

Type of brass with 85% copper
Red brass

What is the ratio of working temperature to the temperature of melting point?
Homologous temperature

Type of management that spend most of the time outside
Management by wandering

CHAPTER 18 COMMUNICATIONS

CHAPTER 18
COMMUNICATIONS


1. The circuit that recovers the modulating signal form 455 kHz intermediate frequency.
Detector

2. Picks up all the radiated signals and feeds them into the RF amplifier.
Antenna

3. Provides a dc level out of the detector that is proportional to the strength of the received signal
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

4. It brings the high frequency audio signals back to the proper amplitude relationship with the lower frequencies
De-emphasis Network

5. Removes any unwanted variations in the amplitude of the FM signal as it comes out of the IF amplifier and produces a constant amplitude FM output at the 10.7 MHz intermediate frequency
Limiter

6. A feedback circuit consisting of a phase detector, a low pass filter, and a VCO
PLL

7. The range of frequencies over which the PLL can acquire lock with an incoming signal
Capture range

8. The angle that defines whether a light ray will be reflected or refracted as it strikes a surface.
Critical Angle

9. A linear device that produces an output voltage proportional to the product of two input voltages
Four-quadrant Multiplier

10. An optical characteristic of a material that determines the critical angle.
Index of refraction

11. A device for down-converting frequencies in a receiver system
Mixer

12. The RF amplifier, mixer, and local oscillator are tuned simultaneously so that the LO frequency is always 455 kHz above the incoming RF signal frequency.
Gang tuning

13. A special case of the multiplier that is realized by simply applying the same voltage to both inputs by connecting the inputs together.
Squaring circuit

14. Reverse modulation
Demodulation

15. The process of varying a parameter of a carrier signal with an information signal.
Modulation

16. Most VCOs employed in PLLs operate in the principle of ____________ using the varactor diode as a voltage-variable capacitor.
Variable reactance

17. The range of frequencies over which the PLL can maintain lock
Lock range or tracking range

18. Independent of the bandwidth of the low-pass filter because when the PLL is in lock, the difference in frequency is zero or a very low instantaneous value the falls well within the bandwidth.
Hold-in range

19. Uses light pulses to transmit information through fiber-optic cables.
Fiber optics

20. Fiber optic cable in which the diameter of the core is fairly large relative to the diameter of the cladding.
Multimode step index

21. Fiber optic cable in which the diameter core is very small relative to the diameter of the cladding.
Single-mode step index

22. Fiber optic cable in which the diameter of the core is fairly large relative to the diameter of the cladding.
Multimode graded index

23. A linear multiplier can be used as a _________ detector
Phase

24. The output of a linear multiplier is the ________ of the inputs and a scale factor
Product

25. The IF in a standard AM receiver is
455 kHz

26. A form of amplitude modulation in which the carrier is suppressed
Balanced modulation

27. Another term for balanced modulation
Suppresses-carrier modulation

CHAPTER 17 VOLTAGE REGULATORS

CHAPTER 17
VOLTAGE REGULATORS


1. The percentage change in the output voltage for a given change in the input voltage
Line regulation

2. The percentage change in output voltage for a given change in load current
Load regulation

3. Occurs when the internal power dissipation becomes excessive and the temperature of the device exceeds a certain value
Thermal Overload

4. An electronic circuit that maintains an essentially constant output voltage with a changing input voltage or load current
Regulator

5. Typical of three-terminal IC regulators that provide a fixed negative output voltage.
79XX

6. An example of a three-terminal positive regulator with an adjustable output voltage.
LM317

7. Negative output counterpart of the LM317
LM337

8. A universal device that can be used with external components to provide step-up, step-down, and inverting operation
78S40

9. A voltage regulator in which the control element operate as a switch
Switching regulator

10. Two basic types of linear regulators are
Series and shunt

11. In linear series regulator, the control element is a transistor in _______ with the load
Series

12. In linear shunt regulator, the control element is a transistor in _______ with the load.
Parallel

13. A change in input voltage does not significantly affect the output voltage of a regulator. (true/false)
True

14. Can be used as a current source when an application requires that a constant current be supplied to a variable load.
Three-terminal regulator

15. Amplitude modulation is a ____________________process
Multiplication

16. is one method used to overcome the bandwidth limitation of the telephone system so that digital data can be sent over the phone lines.
FSK

CHAPTER 16 OSCILLATORS

CHAPTER 16
OSCILLATORS


1. A circuit that produces a periodic waveform on its output with only the dc supply voltage as an input
Oscillator

2. The two major classifications for oscillators are feedback oscillators and _______________.
Relaxation oscillators

3. Characterized by the condition wherein a portion of the output voltage of an amplifier is fed back to the input with no net phase shift resulting in a reinforcement of the output signal
Positive signal

4. An amplifier gain of greater than ________ will cause the oscillator to limit both peaks of the waveform
100

5. The most widely used type of RC feedback oscillator for frequencies up to about 1 MHz
Wien-bridge

6. Quarts is one type of crystalline substance found in nature that exhibits a property called ________
Piezolelectric effect

7. This type of LC feedback oscillator uses transformer coupling to feed back a portion of the signal voltage. It is sometimes called a “tickler” oscillator
Armstrong Oscillator

8. Devices that produce more than one output function
Function generators

9. A relaxation oscillator whose frequency can be changed by a variable dc control voltage
Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)

10. ___________ oscillators include the Colpitts, Clapp, Hartley, Armstrong, and crystal-controlled
Sinusoidal LC

11. ___________ oscillators include the Wien-bridge, phase-shift, and twin-T
Sinusoidal RC

12. This type of oscillator used an LC circuit in the feedback loop to provide the necessary phase shift and to act as a resonant filter that passes only the desired frequency of oscillation
Colpitts Oscillator

13. It is a variation of the Colpitts but with an additional capacitor in series with the inductor in the resonant feedback circuit
Clapp Oscillator

14. He invented the Hartley oscillator and the Hartley transform, a mathematical analysis method , which contributed to the foundations of information theory
Ralph Vinton Lyon Hartley

15. Similar to Colpitts except that the feedback circuit consists of two series inductors and a parallel capacitor
Hartley oscillator

16. The most stable and accurate type of feedback oscillator uses a piezoelectric _________ in the feedback loop to control frequency.
Crystal

17. The lowest frequency at which a crystal is naturally resonant.
Fundamental frequency

18. For higher frequencies, the crystal must be operated in this mode
Overtone mode

19. A type of relaxation oscillator because its operation is based on the charging and discharging of a capacitor
Square-Wave oscillator

20. A two-state device whose output can be at either a high voltage or a low voltage level
Flip-flop

21. For initial start-up, the voltage gain around the feedback loop must be greater that
1 (one)

22. The feedback signal in an Armstrong oscillator is derived by ________ coupling
Transformer

23. A type of RC feedback oscillator which used two T-type RC filters used in the feedback loop, one has a low-pass response and the other has high-pass response
Twin-T oscillator

24. A loop is created in which the signal sustains itself and a continuous sinusoidal output is produces
Oscillation

25. The phase shift around the feedback loop must be effectively ________ degrees to sustain the state of oscillation


26. The voltage gain around the closed feedback loop must be equal to _________ to sustain state of oscillation.
1 (unity)

27. The product of the amplifier gain and the attenuation of the feedback circuit
Voltage gain

28. He was involved in the development of oscillators and vacuum tube push-pull amplifiers at Western Electric in the early 1900
Edwin H. Colpitts

29. The frequency in a VCO can be varied with a _______ controlled voltage
Dc

CHAPTER 15 ACTIVE FILTERS

CHAPTER 15
ACTIVE FILTERS


1. The ___________ of a band-pass filter is the ratio of the center frequency to the bandwidth.
Quality factor

2. An active filter category that rejects the frequencies within a certain bandwidth and passes frequencies outside the bandwidth
Band-stop filter

3. A filter response characteristic that provides a very flat amplitude response in the passband and a roll-off rate of -20dB/decade/pole
Butterworth characteristic

4. Each filter in a cascaded arrangement is called ___________.
Stage or section

5. It is one of the most common configurations for two-pole filter. It is also known as a voltage-controlled voltage source filter.
Sallen-Key

6. A filter required to get a third-order low-pass response. This is done by cascading a two-pole Sallen-key low-pass filter and a single-pole low-pass filter
Three-pole filter

7. Each additional filter in a cascaded arrangement adds _______dB to the roll-off rate
-20 dB

8. The rate of decrease in gain, below or above the critical frequencies of a filter.
Roll-off

9. Technology that enables the tracking and/or identification of objects.
Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID)

10. Four categories of active filters
Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop

11. Low-pass bandwidth is equal to
Cutoff frequency

12. Filters with the Bessel characteristic are used for filtering ________ waveforms
Pulse

13. Two common types of band-stop filters.
Multiple-feedback and state-variable

14. Tiny, very thin microchips with memory and a coil antenna
RFID tags

15. This type of tag does not require batteries. The tag is inactive until powered by the energy from the electromagnetic field of an RFID reader
Passive RFID tag

16. This type of tag is powered by a battery and is capable of communicating up to 100ft. Or more from the RFID reader.
Active RFID tag

17. Another type of tag that is a paper labelled with printing with the RF circuitry and antenna embedded in it.
Smart label

18. The property of selecting signals with certain selected frequencies while rejecting signals with other frequencies.
Selectivity

19. A pole is simply a circuit with how many resistor or capacitor?
1

20. The damping factor affects the filter response by negative feedback action. True/false
True

21. The more poles a filter has , the faster its roll-off rate is
True

22. Another term for state-variable filter
Universal active filter

23. Two methods of determining a filter’s response by measurement
Discrete point measurement and swept frequency measurement

24. Produces a constant amplitude output signal whose frequency increases linearly between two preset limits.
Swept frequency generator

25. How many poles does a Sallen-Key high pass filter have?
2

26. The center frequency of a state variable resistor is set by the _______ circuits in both integrators,
RC

Wednesday, September 28, 2011

CHAPTER 14 SPECIAL PURPOSE OP-AMP CIRCUITS

CHAPTER 14
SPECIAL PURPOSE OP-AMP CIRCUITS


1. Provides dc isolation between input and output
Isolation amplifier

2. Ratio of the output current to the input voltage
Transconductance

3. Transconductance is __________ of an OTA
Gain

4. A comparator with hysteresis where the input voltage is large enough to drive the device into its saturated states
Schmitt trigger

5. The ______________ of a number is the power to which the base must be raised to get that number.
Logarithm

6. An amplifier that produces an output that is proportional to the logarithm of the input.
Log amplifier

7. Used in applications where it is necessary to have an output current that is controlled by an input voltage.
Voltage-to-current converter

8. The circuit used to detect the peak of the input voltage and store that peak voltage on a capacitor.
Peak detector

9. The exponent to which the base e must be raised in order to equal a given quantity.
Natural logarithm

10. In an OTA, transconductance varies with _________.
Bias current

11. Amplifiers that are often used in HF communication systems, including fiber optics, for processing wide dynamic range signals.
Log and antilog amplifiers

12. The key characterisctic of an instrumentation amplifier
CMRR

13. The voltage gain of instrumentation amplifier is set by a
Resistor

14. The log amplifier may use the ___________ junction of a BJT in the feedback loop
Base-emitter

15. The main purpose of an instrumentation amplifier is to amplify _____ signals that are riding on _____ common-mode voltages.
small, large

16. The ___________ of an OTA is the input voltage times the transconductance
Output current

17. The operation of log and antilog amplifiers is based on the __________ characteristics of a pn junction
Nonlinear
(logarithmic)

18. A log amplifier has a pn junction in the feedback loop, and an antilog amplifier has a pn junction in __________ with the input
Series

19. In a peak detector, an op-amp is used as a __________ to charge a capacitor through a diode to the peak value of the input voltage.
Comparator

20. A basic instrumentation amplifier is formed by three op-amps and ________ resistors, including the gain setting resistor.
Seven (7)

21. An oscillator that can be either amplitude or pulse modulated by the signal from the input amplifier
High-frequency oscillator

CHAPTER 13 BASIC OP-AMP CIRCUITS

CHAPTER 13
BASIC OP-AMP CIRCUITS


1. A common interfacing process often used when a linear analog system must provide inputs to a digital system.
A/D conversion

2. Method of A/D conversion that uses parallel comparators to compare the linear input signal with various reference voltages developed by a voltage divider
Flash

3. Produces an output that is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage
Differentiator

4. The difference between the UTP and the LTP
Hysteresis voltage

5. Used to generate pulse waveform from the sine wave output of the audio generator.
Voltage comparator

6. When the output is at the maximum positive voltage and the input exceeds UTP, the output switches to the _________ negative voltage
Maximum

7. Uses a capacitor in the feedback path which is open to dc. This implies that the gain at dc is the open-loop gain of the op-amp.
Practical integrator

8. Gives an op-amp noise immunity
Hysteresis

9. Used to detect positive and negative voltages by connecting a fixed reference voltage source to the inverting input of a zero-level detector.
Nonzero-Level detection

10. A good example of hysteresis
Thermostat

11. A comparator with three trigger points
Schmitt Trigger

12. The output of Schmitt trigger is
Pulse waveform

13. In a comparator with output bounding, what type of diode is used in the feedback loop?
Zener

14. Necessary components for the design of a bounded comparator
Rectifier and zener diodes

15. Type of circuit that uses comparators
Nonzero-level detector

16. Variations of the basic summing amplifier
Averaging and scaling amplifier

17. Differentiation of a ramp input produces a step output with an amplitude proportional to the _________
Slope

18. Another term for flash
Simultaneous

19. Integration of a step input produces a ramp output with the slope proportional to the _________
Amplitude

CHAPTER 12 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

CHAPTER 12
THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER


1. The measure of an amplifier’s ability to reject common-mode signals
CMRR

2. It is the typical value of input offset voltage in the ideal case.
0 V

3. It is the dc current required by the inputs of the amplifier to properly operate the first stage.
Input bias current

4. It is the resistance viewed from the output terminal of the op-amp
Output impedance

5. The total resistance between the inverting and noninverting inputs
Differential input impedance

6. Differential impedance is measured by determining the change in ___________ for a given change in differential input voltage.
Bias current

7. Common temperature coefficient for the offset current
0.5nA/°C

8. Functions of negative feedback in an op-amp
Stabilize gain and increase frequency response

9. The voltage gain of an op-amp with external feedback
Closed-loop voltage gain

10. A special case of the noninverting amplifier where all of the output voltage is fed back to the inverting input by a straight connection
Voltage-follower configuration

11. The value of the frequency at which the gain steadily decreases to a point where it is equal to unity
Unity-gain frequency Or unity gain bandwidth

12. It is always equal to the frequency at which the op-amp’s open- loop gain is unity or 0 dB.
Gain-bandwidth product

13. The relative angular displacement of a time-varying function relative to a reference.
Phase shift

14. The three terminals of the basic op-amp not including power and ground
Inverting input, noninverting input, and output

15. It has the highest input impedance and the lowest output impedance of the three amplifier configurations
Voltage-follower

16. The _________ of an op-amp equals the upper critical frequency.
Bandwidth

17. Two types of op-amp input operation.
Differential mode and common-mode

18. A ____________ differentiator uses a capacitor in series with the inverting input.
Ideal
19. An ideal op-amp has ___________ value for voltage gain, bandwidth, and input impedance.
Infinite

20. What should be the output voltage of an op-amp when the differential input is zero
Zero

21. The ideal op-amp has __________ output impedance
Zero

22. The three basic op-amp configurations
Inverting, noninverting, and voltage follower

23. The closed-loop voltage gain is _________ than the open-loop voltage gain. (more or less)
Less

24. Does the gain of an op-amp decreases or increases as frequency increases above the critical frequency
Decreases

25. Devices such as the diode and the transistor which are separate devices that are individually packaged and interconnected in a circuit with other devices to form a complete, functional unit.
Discrete components

26. Most op-amps operate with how many dc supply voltage?
2 (positive and negative)

27. Datasheets often refer to the open-loop voltage gain as the ______________
Large-signal voltage gain

CHAPTER 11 THYRISTORS

CHAPTER 11
THYRISTORS


1. It is like the four-layer diode but with the added gate connection
SCR

2. This is the maximum continuous anode current that the device can withstand in the conduction state under specifies conditions.
Average forward current

3. What bilateral thyristor functions basically like two parallel SCRs turned in opposite directions with a common gate terminal?
Triac

4. ____________ does not belong to the thyristor family because it does not have a four-layer type of construction.
UJT

5. It can be used a trigger device for SCRs and triacs.
UJT

6. It is a type of three-terminal thyristor that is triggered into conduction when the voltage at the anode exceeds the voltage at the gate.
PUT

7. A region of forward bias in which the device has a very high forward resistance and is in the off state
Forward-blocking region

8. A method for turning-off the SCR that basically requires momentarily forcing current through the SCR in the direction opposite to the forward conduction
Forced commutation

9. The value of gate current necessary to switch the SCR from the forward-blocking region to the forward-conduction region under specified conditions.
Gate Trigger Current

10. A four-layer semiconductor device that operates essentially as does the conventional SCR except that it can also be light-triggered.
LASCR

11. Functions basically like two parallel 4- layer diodes turned in opposite directions.
Diac

12. A diac with gate terminal
Triac

13. A four-terminal thyristor that has two gate terminals that are used t trigger the device on and off
Silicon Controlled Device (SCS)

14. A type of three-terminal thyristor that is triggered into conduction when the voltage at the anode exceeds the voltage at the gate.
Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT)

15. The characteristic of a UJT that determines its turn-on point
Standoff-ratio

16. The four-layer diode is also called
Shockley diode

17. The region that corresponds to the on condition of the SCR where there is forward current from anode to cathode through the very low resistance of the SCR
Forward_ conduction region

18. The SCR can only be turned on using its _________ terminal
Gate

19. Acts as the trigger source in the LASCRs
Light

20. A thyristor that conducts when the voltage across its terminals exceeds the breakover potential
4-layer diode

21. Basic methods of for turning off an SCR
Anode current interruption and forced commutation

CHAPTER 10 AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE

CHAPTER 10
AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE


1. The frequency at which the output power drops to one-half of its midrange value
Corner frequency

2. At the critical frequencies the output voltage is 70.7% of its midrange value. What is the value of voltage gain in dB?
-3 dB

3. What is the other term for lower critical frequency?
All of the above

4. The condition where the gain is down 3 dB is logically called _________ of the amplifier response
-3 dB point

5. The upper and lower dominant critical frequencies are sometimes called
Half-power frequencies

6. A characteristic of an amplifier in which the product of the voltage gain and the bandwidth is always constant when the roll-off is -20 dB/ decade.
Gain-bandwidth product

7. Critical frequencies are values of frequency at which the RC circuits reduce the voltage gain to ____________ of its midrange value.
70.7%

8. An octave of frequency change is a ________ -times change
2

9. Which of the following has no effect on the low-frequency response?
Internal transistor capacitances

10. What is the gain that occurs for the range of frequencies between the lower and upper critical frequencies?
Midrange gain
11. Which of the following is not a method in frequency response measurement?
Roll-off measurement

12. If the voltage gain is less than one, what is the value of the dB gain?
Negative

13. A plot of dB voltage gain versus frequency on semilog graph paper
Bode plot

14. The critical frequency at which the curve “breaks” into a -20dB/decade drop
Lower break frequency

15. The change in gain or phase shift over a specified range of input signal frequencies
Frequency response

16. A unit of logarithmic gain measurement and is commonly used to express amplifier response
Decibel

17. The lower and upper critical frequencies of an amplifier can be determined using the _____________ method by applying a voltage step to the input of the amplifier and measuring the rise and fall times of the resulting output voltage
Step-response method

18. The coupling an bypass capacitors of an amplifier affect the _________ frequency response: high or low
Low

19. The internal transistor capacitances affect the _________ frequency response: high or low
High

20. Two frequency response measurement
Frequency/amplitude and step

21. The Miller input and output capacitances for a BJT inverting amplifier depends on
Voltage gain

22. When dB is negative, it is usually called_______
Attenuation

Friday, September 23, 2011

CHAPTER 9 FET AMPLIFIERS AND SWITCHING CIRCUITS

CHAPTER 9
FET AMPLIFIERS AND SWITCHING CIRCUITS


1. An amplifier that primarily uses only MOSFETs.
Class D

2. A process in which an input signal is converted to a series of pulses with widths that varies proportionally to the amplitude of the input signal.
PWM

3. It removes the modulating frequency and harmonics and passes only the original signal to the output.
Low-Pass Filter

4. The voltage gain of a common-drain amplifier is always
Slightly less than 1

5. The load resistance connected to the drain of a common-source amplifier reduces ____________
Voltage gain

6. What is the relationship between the input resistance of a common-gate amplifier to its transconductance?
They are inversely proportional

7. The efficiency of a class D amplifier approaches
100%

8. The input signal is applied to the gate and the output is taken from source
Common-drain

9. A nonlinear amplifier in which the transistors are operated as switches
Class D

10. A device that switches an analog signal on and off
Analog switch

11. Consists of two or more analog switches that connect sample portions of their analog input signals to single output in a time sequence
Analog multiplexer

12. Used in low-power digital switching circuits
CMOS

13. Amplifier commonly used as frequency multiplier
Class C

14. The least efficient amplifier
Class A

15. An amplifier that is biased below cutoff
Class c

16. A class of amplifier that operates in the linear region for only a small part of the input cycle
Class C

17. In a class AB amplifier, if the VBE drops are not matched to the diode drops or if the diodes are not in thermal equilibrium with the transistors, this can result in
Thermal runaway

CHAPTER 8 FIELD –EFFECT TRANSISTORS

CHAPTER 8
FIELD –EFFECT TRANSISTORS


1. FETs are preferred device in low-voltage switching applications; while______ transistor is generally used in high-voltage switching applications.
IGBT

2. What type of JFET operates with a reverse-biased pn junction to control current in the channel?
JFET

3. An n-channel universal transfer characteristic curve is also known as
Transconductance curve

4. The change in drain current for a given change in gate-to-source voltage with the drain-to-source voltage constant
Forward transconductance

5. What is the most common type of JFET bias?
Self-bias
6. It is a method for increasing the Q-point stability of a self-biased JFET by making the drain current essentially independent of gate-to-source voltage
Current-source bias

7. What JFET bias uses a BJT as a constant-current source?
Current-source bias

8. For increased Q-point stability, the value of RS in the self-bias circuit is increased and connected to a negative supply voltage. This sometimes called
Dual-supply bias

9. VGS varies quite a bit for JFET self-bias and voltage-divider bias but ID is much more stable with
Voltage-divider bias

10. ____________ is sometimes called depletion/enhancement MOSFET.
D-MOSFET

11. LDMOSFET has a lateral channel structure and is a type of
Enhancement MOSFET

12. It is an example of the conventional E-MOSFET designed to achieve higher power capability
VMOSFET

13. Following are the three ways to bias a MOSFET except
Current-source bias

14. The insulated-gate bipolar transistor combines which two transistors that make it useful in high-voltage and high-current switching applications?
BJT and MOSFET

15. What are the three terminals of IGBT?
Gate, collector, emitter

16. In terms of switching speed, __________ switch fastest and _____________ switch slowest.
MOSFETs, BJTs

17. In a MOSFET, the process of removing or depleting the channel of charge carriers and thus decreasing the channel conductivity
Depletion

18. The ratio of change in drain current to a change in gate-to source voltage in a FET
Transconductance

19. A FET is called a ______________ because of the relationship of the drain current to the square of a term containing gate-to-source voltage
Square-law device
20. Combines features from both the MOSFET and the BJT that make it useful in high-voltage and high-current switching applications.
IGBT

21. Has a lateral channel structure and is a type of enhancement MOSFET designed for power applications.
LDMOSFET

CHAPTER 7 POWER AMPLIFIERS

CHAPTER 7
POWER AMPLIFIERS


1. It is the product of Q-point current and voltage of a transistor with no signal input
Power dissipation

2. The ____________ of an amplifier is the ratio of the output signal power supplied to a load to the total power from the dc supply.
Efficiency

3. Which amplifier operates in the linear region for 180 deg. Of the input cycle when biased in cutoff and is in cutoff for 180 deg?
Class B

4. These amplifiers are biased to conduct for slightly more than 180 deg.
Class AB

5. An amplifier that is generally used in Radio Frequency applications
Class C

6. Implemented with a laser diode
Current mirror

7. An amplifier that is biased below cutoff and is normally operated with resonant circuit load
Class C

8. The four classes of power amplifiers are classified based on the percentage of the ____________which the amplifier operates in its ________region
Input cycle, linear

9. It is the ratio of the output power to the input power
Power gain

10. Product of the rms load current and the rms load voltage
Output power

11. A type of class B amplifier with two transistors in which one transistor conducts for one half-cycle and the other conducts for the other half-cycle
Push-pull

12. Amplifiers that are generally used in Radio Frequency Applications.
Class C amplifiers

13. Another term for complementary Darlington
Sziklai pair

14. An advantage of push-pull class B and class AB amplifiers over class A
Efficiency

15. The Q-point is at _________ at class B operation
Cutoff

16. Operates in the linear region where the output signal is an amplified replica of the input signal
Class A

17. Amplifiers that have the objective of delivering power to a load
Power amplifers

18. When the Q-point is at the center of the ac load line, a maximum class ________ signal can be obtained.
A

19. The maximum efficiency of capacitively coupled class A amplifier cannot be higher than
25%

20. The low efficiency of class A amplifiers limits their usefulness to small power applications that require usually less than ________.
1 W

CHAPTER 6 BJT AMPLIFIERS

CHAPTER 6
BJT AMPLIFIERS


1. Amplifiers designed to handle small __________ signals are referred to as small-signal amplifiers.
ac only

2. Which of the r parameters is the most important?
r’e

3. Determine the ac emitter resistance that is operating with a dc emitter current of 5mA.
5.0 Ω

4. If βac=hfe, αac=?
hfb

5. Which of the three amplifier configurations exhibit high voltage gain and high current gain?
Common-emitter

6. An amplifier configuration which has a voltage gain of approximately 1, a high input resistance and current gain,
Common-collector

7. An amplifier configuration which provides high voltage gain with a maximum current gain of 1.
Common-base

8. Which of the amplifier configurations is the most appropriate for certain applications where sources tend to have low-resistance outputs?
Common-base

9. In a common-emitter amplifier, any change in input signal voltage results in
Opposite change in collector signal voltage

10. The ac voltage gain is the ratio of
ac output voltage at the collector to ac input voltage at the base

11. the reduction in signal voltage as it passes through a circuit
attenuation

12. the overall voltage gain of the common-emitter amplifier is the product of the voltage gain from base to collector and
reciprocal of the attenuation

13. Without the bypass capacitor, the CE amplifier’s emitter is no longer at ac ground. How does this affect the amplifier?
It decreases the ac voltage gain

14. The measure of how well an amplifier maintains its design values over changes in temperature,
Stability

15. Swamping is a method used to minimize the effect of the ____________without reducing the voltage gain to its minimum value.
ac emitter resistance

16. ___________ contains two transistors. The collectors of two transistors are connected and the emitter of the first drives the base of the second.
Darlington pair

17. _____________ consists of two types of transistors, npn and a pnp.
Complementary Darlington

18. An amplifier configuration in which the input signal is capacitively coupled to the emitter and the output is capacitively coupled from the collector,
Common-base

19. Which of the amplifier configurations is/are useful at high frequencies when impedance matching is required?
Common-base

20. The power gain of a common-base amplifier is approximately equal to
Voltage gain

21. BJT amplifier that produces output that are a function of the difference between two input voltages,
Differential amplifier

22. Ideally, a diff-amp provides a very high gain for single-ended or differential signals and _____________ gain for common-mode signals.
0

23. Input signals are out of phase
Differential amplifier
CHAPTER 5  
TRANSISTOR BIAS CIRCUITS

1. What biasing method is common in switching circuits?  
Base bias
 
2. A Base bias in linear region shows that it is  
Directly dependent on dc beta

3. In an emitter-feedback bias, if the collector current increases, the emitter voltage Increases

4. What happens to the base voltage in no. 10?  
Increases
 
5. In an emitter-feedback, the increase in base voltage _________ the base current. Reduces
 
6. For collector-feedback bias, what provides the bias for the base-emitter junction? Collector voltage
 
7. As temperature goes up in a collector-feedback circuit, βDC and VBE goes _______ and __________, respectively.  
Up and down

8. Collector-feedback bias provides good stability using negative feedback from  
Collector to base

9. Innovations in technology would allow a doubling of the number of transistors in a given space every year and that the speed of those transistors would increase. This prediction is widely known as  
Moore’s law

10. If an amplifier is not biased with correct dc voltages on the input and output, it can go ___________ when an input signal is applied.  
Saturation or cutoff

11. Given a voltage-divider biased BJT, determine IC given VCC, R1, R2, RC, and RE which are 10V, 10kohms, 4.7kohms, 1kohm, and 470ohms respectively. Use βDC= 100.  
5.31mA

12. What is the value of VCE in no.20?
2.19 V

13. If an emitter resistor is added to a base bias circuit, what is the value of the emitter current given VCC, RE, RC, and RB as 10V, 1kΩ, 470Ω, and 180kΩ, respectively. Use βDC=100.
3.32mA

14. Calculate for VCE in no. 22
5.12 V

15. If the dc beta in the preceding drops half of its original value, find the percent change in IC.
39.16%

16. What is the percent change in VCE?
27.17%

17. The region along the load line including all points between saturation and cutoff
Linear region

18. A voltage divider for which loading effects can be neglected
Stiff voltage divider

19. The base bias circuit arrangement has poor stability because its Q-point varies widely with
Dc beta

20. The purpose of biasing a circuit is to establish a proper stable ________.
Q-point

21. The process of returning a portion of a circuit’s output back to the input in such a way as to oppose or aid a change in the output
Feedback

Saturday, September 10, 2011

CHAPTER 4 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

CHAPTER 4
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

1. Which is the least of the three transistor currents?
Base

2. The ratio of the dc collector current to the dc base current of the transistor is,
dc beta/dc current gain

3. the ratio of the dc collector current to the dc emitter current
dc alpha

4. Determine the base current given dc beta=100 , dc alpha=0.85, and IC= 3.70mA
0.037mA

5. Nonconducting state of a transistor
Cutoff

6. State of a BJT in which the collector current has reached maximum and is dependent of the base current Saturation

7. Neither the base-emitter nor the base-collector junctions are forward-biased
cutoff

8. dc beta varies with
collector current and temperature

9. hFE varies with which transistor current/s?
Collector only

10. Converts light energy to electrical signal
Phototransistor

11. Devices used to electrically isolate circuits
Optocouplers

12. A key parameter in optocouplers is the CTR. CTR stands for
Current transfer ratio

13. Indication of how efficiently a signal is coupled from input to output
CTR

14. RF transistors are designed to operate at
EHF

15. What transistor category/ies uses plastic or metal packages?
General-purpose transistors

16. To operate as an amplifier, BE junction must be forward-biased and the BC junction must be reverse-biased. This is called
Forward-reverse bias

17. In a phototransistor, what transistor current/s is produced and controlled by light?
Base

18. Two basic package types
Through-hole and surface mount

19. The process of increasing the power, voltage, or current by electronic means.
Amplification

CHAPTER 3 SPECIAL- PURPOSE DIODES

CHAPTER 3
SPECIAL- PURPOSE DIODES

1. Diodes that were designed to operate in reverse breakdown
Zener diode

2. A device that operates in reverse bias
photodiode

3. A zener diode operating in breakdown acts as a
Voltage regulator
4. A positive temperature means that the zener voltage
Increases with an increase in temperature on decreases with decrease in temperature.

5. A diode that always operates in reverse-bias and is doped to maximize the inherent capacitance of the depletion region is
Laser

6. When the light-emitting diode (LED) is forward-biased, __________pass the pn junction and recombine with____________ in the _________material.
Electrons, holes, p-type

7. The first visible red LEDs were produced using
GaAsp

8. The normalized output of the visible red, yellow, green and blue LED peaks at __________________ (nm) respectively.
660,590,540, and 460

9. Organic LEDs and LEDs produce light through the process of __________ and ___________ respectively.
Electrophophorescence and electroluminescence

10. An increase in the amount of light intensity produces an increase in
Reverse current

11. A diode that can be used as a variable-resistance device controlled by light intensity.
Photodiode

12. A diode that operates only with majority carriers
Schottky diode

13. A diode that takes advantage of the variable forward resistance characteristic.
PIN diode

14. No reverse leakage current
Schottky diode

15. Diode used in VHF and fast switching applications
Step- Recovery diode

16. When a PIN diode is forward-biased, it acts like a
Current-controlled variable resistance

17. If a tunnel diode is placed in series with the tank circuit and biased at the center of the negative-resistance portion of its characteristic curve, a _________ will result in the output.
Constant sinusoidal voltage

18. The tunnel diode is only used at
VHF

19. In a varactor diode, what happens to the capacitance if the reverse-bias voltage decreases
a. Increases

20. The varactor capacitance ratio is also known as
a. Tuning ratio

CHAPTER 2 DIODE APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 2
DIODE APPLICATIONS

1. An open primary or secondary winding of a power supply transformer results in
0 V

2. The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier is _________to/of the input frequency
Equal

3. What is the average value of the half-wave rectified voltage given 25 V as its peak amplitude?
7.95 V

4. The PIV rating of the bridge diodes is __________to/than that required for the center-tapped configuration.
Less
5. Diode circuits used to clip off portions of signal voltages above or below certain levels,
Clippers

6. The output frequency of a full-wave rectifier is ________ the input frequency
Twice

7. A transformer is generally specified based on _____________rather than the turns ratio,
Secondary voltage
8. The period of a full-wave rectified voltage is ____________ that of a half-wave rectified voltage
Half

9. The indication of the effectiveness of the filter is called
Ripple factor

10. Eliminates the fluctuations in the rectified voltage and produces a relatively smooth dc voltage
Filter

11. Circuit that maintains a constant dc voltage for variations in the input line voltage or in the load
Regulator

12. A type of full-wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the secondary of a center-tapped transformer
Center-tapped rectifier

13. Use clamping action to increase peak rectified voltages without the necessity of increasing the transformer’s voltage rating
Voltage multipliers

14. Maximum voltage appearing across the diode in reverse bias
PIV

15. Caused by the charging and discharging of the filter capacitor
Ripple voltage

16. A systematic process of isolating, identifying, and correcting a fault in a circuit or system
Troubleshooting

17. Allows unidirectional current through the load during the entire 360° of the input cycle
Full-wave rectifier

18. Allows current through the load only during one-half of the cycle.
Half-wave rectifier

19. Generally used because of the surge current that initially occur s when power is first turned on
Slow-blow type fuse

20. A figure of merit used to specify the performance of a voltage regulator
regulation